EMDR

tecnica 02 emdr

Siglas en inglés de Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento por medio de Movimientos Oculares es una técnica psicoterapéutica para tratar dificultades emocionales que fueron causadas por experiencias difíciles en la vida del sujeto (recuerdos traumáticos)

Lo que hacemos con EMDR es estimular -mediante movimientos oculares o cualquier otra estimulación bilateral- la capacidad natural del cerebro humano, para que la información que ha sido almacenada disfuncionalmente se reprocese, es decir, se reorganice a nivel cerebral, de manera que pueda asimilarse la experiencia.

La estimulación bilateral puede ser:

  1. Visual, el paciente mueve los ojos de un lado al otro guiado por el terapeuta
  2. Auditiva: el paciente escucha sonidos alternados en ambos oídos
  3. Kinestésica, el terapeuta golpetea suavemente y en forma alternada sobre las manos o los hombros del paciente. Esto facilita la conexión entre los dos hemisferios cerebrales logrando el procesamiento de la información y la disminución de la carga emocional.

Listado de recomendaciones de organizaciones internacionales para el uso de EMDR

  1. (1)  Una larga lista de estudios verifica la efectividad de EMDR. Usted puede consultar una lista abreviada en el siguiente sitio web: http://www.emdrhap.org/emdr_info/researchandresources.php#trials

  2. (2)  Incluyendo la Asociación Americana de Psicología, la Asociación Psiquiátrica Americana, el Departamento de Veteranos de Estados Unidos (para el tratamiento de los veteranos de la Guerra de Vietnam), el Ministerio de Salud del Reino Unido y más. Ver una lista de organizaciones terapéuticas líderes que reconocen la efectividad de EMDR en el siguiente link: http://www.emdrhap.org/emdr_info/researchandresources.php#treatment

  3. (3)  Ver una lista de estudios, incluyendo a aquellos que compararon el EMDR con otros métodos de tratamiento y que demostraron que el método EMDR fue de ayuda con menos sesiones, con mayor tasa de éxito y con menos abandonos:http://www.emdrhap.org/emdr_info/researchandresources.php#trials

    Y en el que recientemente se ha  publicado con el Dr. Iñaki Piñuel TRATAMIENTO EMDR DEL MOBBING Y EL BULLYING.

    EMDR International Association: http://www.emdria.org EMDR Europa: http://www.emdr-europe.org
    EMDR Maria Cervera: www.EMDRexpertos.com

    International Treatment Guidelines

    American Psychiatric Association (2004). Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines.

    EMDR is recommended as an effective treatment for trauma

    Bleich, A., Kotler, M., Kutz, I., & Shalev, A. (2002). A position paper of the (Israeli) National Council for Mental Health: Guidelines for the assessment and professional intervention with terror victims in the hospital and in the community. Jerusalem, Israel.

    EMDR is one of three methods recommended for treatment of terror victims

    California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare (2010). Trauma Treatment for Children. http://www.cebc4cw.org.

    EMDR and Trauma-focused CBT are considered “Well-Supported by Research Evidence.”

    Chambless, D.L. et al. (1998). Update of empirically validated therapies, II. The Clinical Psychologist, 51, 3-16.

    According to a taskforce of the Clinical Division of the American Psychological Association, the only methods empirically supported (“probably efficacious”) for the treatment of any post-traumatic stress disorder population were EMDR, exposure therapy, and stress inoculation therapy. Note that this evaluation does not cover the last decade of research.

    CREST (2003). The management of post traumatic stress disorder in adults. A pu- blication of the Clinical Resource Efficiency Support Team of the Northern Ireland Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, Belfast.

    EMDR and CBT were stated to be the treatments of choice.

    Department of Veterans Affairs & Department of Defense (2010). VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Post-Traumatic Stress. Washington, DC: Veterans Health Administration, Department of Veterans Affairs and Health Affairs, Department of Defense.

    EMDR was placed in the category of the most effective PTSD psychotherapies. This “A” category is described as “A strong recommendation that clinicians provide the inter- vention to eligible patients. Good evidence was found that the intervention improves important health outcomes and concludes that benefits substantially outweigh harm.”

    Dutch National Steering Committee Guidelines Mental Health Care (2003). Multi- disciplinary Guideline Anxiety Disorders. Quality Institute Heath Care CBO/Trim- bos Intitute. Utrecht, Netherlands.

    EMDR and CBT both designated as treatments of choice for PTSD

    Foa, E.B., Keane, T.M., Friedman, M.J., & Cohen, J.A. (2009). Effective treatments for PTSD: Practice Guidelines of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Stu- dies. New York: Guilford Press.

    EMDR was listed as an effective and empirically supported treatment for PTSD, and was given an AHCPR “A” rating for adult PTSD. This guideline specifically rejected the findings of the previous Institute of Medicine report, which stated that more research was needed to judge EMDR effective for adult PTSD. With regard to the application of EMDR to children, an AHCPR rating of Level B was assigned. Since the time of this publication, three additional randomized studies on EMDR have been completed (see below).

    INSERM (2004). Psychotherapy: An evaluation of three approaches. French Natio- nal Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paris, France.

    EMDR and CBT were stated to be the treatments of choice for trauma victims.

    National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (2005). Post traumatic stress di- sorder (PTSD): The management of adults and children in primary and secondary care. London: National Institute for Clinical Excellence.

    Trauma-focused CBT and EMDR were stated to be empirically supported treatments

    for choice for adult PTSD.

    SAMHSA’s National Registry of Evidence-based Programs and Practices (2011). http://nrepp.samhsa.gov/ViewIntervention.aspx?id=199

    The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) is an agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). This national registry (NREPP) cites EMDR as evidence based practice for treatment of PTSD, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Their review of the evidence also indicated that EMDR leads to an improvement in mental health functioning.

    Therapy Advisor (2004-11): http://www.therapyadvisor.com

    An NIMH sponsored website listing empirically supported methods for a variety of disorders.

    EMDR is one of three treatments listed for PTSD.

    United Kingdom Department of Health (2001). Treatment choice in psychological the- rapies and counselling evidence based clinical practice guideline. London, England.

    Best evidence of efficacy was reported for EMDR, exposure, and stress inoculation.

    World Health Organization (2013). Guidelines for the management of conditions that are specifically related to stress. Geneva, WHO

Directrices internacionales que recomiendan el empleo de EMDR como intervención de primera línea en el tratamiento del TEPT

·     American Psychiatric Association (2004) [7]

·     AWMF S 3 – Deutsche Leitlinie Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (2011) [19]

·     Dutch National Steering Committee Guidelines Mental Health Care (2003) [131]

·     INSERM, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (2010) [275]

·     ISTSS, Practice Guidelines of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (2009) [280]

·     NICE, National Institute for Clinical Excellence, Londres (2005) [421]

·     US Department of Veterans Affairs & Department of Defense (2004) [111]

Pautas de la OMS dirigidas específicamente a gestionar el estrés (2013) [671].